Introduction
Linux and Unix were two terms which bothered me which ultimately led me to compare them and have a vivid understanding.
Unix is a stable multi-tasking, multiuser computer operating system. It was first developed in 1960s.
The main three composition of the Unix Operating System can be depicted as follows
The Directory Structure in Unix is important when understanding its basics. Everything in Unix can be reduced to a file. Unix files are integrated into a single directory structure. The directories have specific purposes and generally store the same type of information. Following are the directories that exist on Unix versions and the type of files stored.
for further reference : http://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/unix-file-system.htm
In the above diagram, the home directory of the undergraduate student "z3065" contains two sub-directories (doc and pics) and a file called report.doc.
The full path to the report.doc is referred to as "/ home/turing/z3065/report.doc"
Commands Used Working with directories
File System System Security
Security is a prime concern in Linux Systems. The basic security of linux system is based on file permission.In Unix-like systems File Prmission is managed in three different scopes or classes.
- Owner :- who has the control over the permission settings of the file. He can define the file's group class. Can be a member of the assigned group
- Group :- files and directories are assigned to a group of members.
- Users :- users who are neither the owner nor in the group are included in this class.
Permissions are set of bits which can be set or reset to allow certain type of access to it. Unix systems implement three sets of permission that apply to each class. It is worthy to consider that same set of permission have different meaning on files and directories.
ls -l command gives lots of details about the contents of your directories including the access rights on files. Below shows an instance and its meaning.
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